Author here for your obscure Pentium questions...
I'm building a stained glass window for our front entrance, as a sometimes chip designer it's going to be a half adder (so much much smaller than a pentium) - the big challenge is showing all the layers (si, implantation, poly, metal, vias etc) I'm only doing 1 level of metal. The result is going to be more of a thin layered sculpture than a traditional stained glass window
Don't bother with the rectilinear pakeha layouts, do your half adders in curvilinear patterns, Koru style
I am pakeha and tangata triti .... now I have an idea for the next window (I was thinking about a neuron ...)
AHh gotcha.
Well yeah I reckon you render a full custom 4004 w/ koru patterned transistors into about 4m x 4m stained glass panel. Would look good as the foyer panel for the CS dept at the University of Waikato
Probably best to tape it out to https://tinytapeout.com/ first
Do they support curvilinear cells?
The simple openlane flow just uses standard cells, but you have the ability to just tape out polygons so curvyish is possible
(I already have a 4-bit CPU there)
Neat. 2 RTL gates -> 16 CMOS transistors (10 for XOR and 6 for OR)
Actually I misspoke, it's a full adder and very similar to the one on page 5 here
this sounds awesome! do you have drawings?
Speaking as an artist and a programmer, has it ever struck you how utterly low it is to sit in a room making things? You are interacting with little speck of dead stuff. Staring, unmoving, practically dead yourself. Playing with a little dream. There's something deeply wrong with that. Spiritually wrong even. Sometimes I reflect and feel shame at my wastefulness.
That's a remarkable question.
Have you, reader of this comment, ever created something that will subsequently never interact with a living being?
I don't think I have... except maybe when I've blinked Morse into the sky with a flashlight or laser.
There's always someone or something on the other end. I try to remember that.
The classic excercise is: write a poem, tear the paper to pieces and throw it away.
Hello, fellow artist+programmer (:
What do you think of the quote: "Whatever you do will be utterly insignificant, but it is very important that you do it" ?
Personally, I think playing with little dreams is beautiful, but I do hope you find something that satisfies your soul.
In my experience, artistry and a bit of depression often go hand-in-hand. If you spend a lot of time paying attention to things, you're bound to notice the Abyss.
"Gaze not into the abyss, lest you become recognized as an abyss domain expert, and they expect you keep gazing into the damn thing." —@nickm_tor@mastodon.lol
Soeaking as an engineer, has it ever struck you how utterly low it is to sit in a room making art? Sculptural materials and paint is dead. Words are but faint echoes of human life.
Your comments are more a reflection upon your own worldview.
To improve things you merely need to change your own perceptions.
Dead stuff is stuff without structure. I tend to think about my interactions with the universe as extending the structure that is me to dead stuff. Stuff is lifted to structuredness, and becomes part of us as a whole. I don't feel that's low at all.
Low and high are but you imposing your value system onto something that exists irrespective of it. "Low" could very well be the activity of breathing if one argues enough to show it. In reality actions don't and shouldn't exist to serve a higher purpose. Attachment with result is the cause of suffering. Attach yourself to the action.
Sounds like you're going through a bit of a nihilism phase, the futility of it all. It's cool.
That's some serious...multithreading!
(I applaud others for resisting such cringe, but I just couldn't help myself.)
The entirety would have complete faster if they only used green threads.
Maybe if they switched all code to Java, they can run it on a Loom?
I always look askance at a blanket statement.
Just wait for the Pentium 4 with hyper-threading.
“The Analytical Engine weaves algebraic patterns, just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves.”
– Ada Lovelace, 1843
Just couldn't weave it awone, could you?
Don't hold back, that level of puns is what I live for.
Are there automatic looms the way there are CNC machines so that you can get a custom design on?
So _that's_ what a Jacquard loom is. I've seen it mentioned often. Thank you.
dobbies automated looms before that
dobby looms are an automated version of draw looms. Some use a draw boy, small child in the loom itself to draw up the warps as required for the patter. Later shortened to dobby.
There are some old Jacquard card stacks which are literally the oldest machine readable datasets in existence, a century before Hollerith.
The oldest datasets produced by humans intended to be read by machines. With our advances in digital image processing one could argue a cross section of a tree trunk is a "machine readable dataset"
A fun full-circle. The Jacquard loom was influential for input for early computers, and now the computer is influencing the output of looms
I thought the same thing reading this! I'm currently reading Prisoner's Dilemma by William Poundstone, which details the life of John von Neumann. According to his brother Nicholas, von Neumann likely got the idea to use punch cards for computers from the Jacquard loom. One of his father's (Maxwell von Neumann) clients at the turn of the century was a Jacquard loom manufacturer, and Max would evidently discuss his work with his kids everyday over supper.
That doesn't make sense, since computers were using punch cards before von Neumann got involved.
Fairly rare to be able to connect sheep with semiconductors.
I wonder if anyone is working on ovine AI opportunities yet.
No. Singularity risk has them cowed.
As a programmer and Shepherdess I can tell you that sheep have enough intelligence as is. Contrary to popular belief they are not stupid but certainly have a very different world view.
That story about Fairchild manufacturing at Shiprock is fascinating and heartbreaking. Glad to see it so thoughtfully researched and presented.
And as sad it is, they cycle as has repeated itself and its still a sad situation around Shiprock. I'm someone who lives within the general area and poverty is still saturating the Navajo community. To make things worse the oilfield in the area has shifted to Texas. And within the last year the Four Corners Power Plant (PNM) and Navajo Mine (BHP) have shut down. These have been 2 extremely large employers of the area for the Navajo people since the 70's. Lots of businesses in neighboring towns like Farmington and Gallup have shuddered. And a large amount of people (who could afford to) have moved to places like Phoenix and Denver so they don't get stuck being part of the situation.
You know what they've said for millennia: "Vae victis"!
This triggered a memory about the Native American code talkers employed by the US military during WWII to encode communications using their own languages which were unknown to the Axis forces. First thought: "ha! Now they're doing firmware?":)
Interestingly, Peter MacDonald, the Navajo tribal leader at the time, had been a code talker during World War II.
I’ve long considered “hard tech” (semiconductors, high end manufacturing, aerospace, etc) to be the embodiment of our culture, because it’s not something you can just start doing, it takes generations of improvement to make anything worthwhile.
That is how I generally see it. The technological suite needed to get to that stage is astounding.
It is a great indicator of progress and decline, like how the quality of crockery dropped in the roman empire showed how their economics hampered their skills.
Maybe computing is one of the big hurdles that shows the overall capabilities of economies and on a much more broad scale, species. Like wrap drives in Star Trek.
Do sha nada da da !
Wow, what a gem of a post. I knew about the Navajo codebreakers but didn't ever hear about the Shiprock connection.
I also am admiring how deftly the author was able to weave in (heh) little bits of low-level computer knowhow. This is an article I can send to my non-tech friends!
This how I have always thought of the Giza plateau and other temple sites. They look like different digital components or circuits attached to each other. It was easy to convince myself that they were indeed designing some type of deep logic within the structures.
Absolutely fascinating article. I wasn't aware of any of the Navajo history of Farichild Semiconductors.
Thanks for sharing.
This sounds like the backstory for Alan Dean Foster's "Cyber Way". I enjoyed the novel, didn't realize how well rooted it was in actual history.
Wow. They have got to turn this into a 99% Invisible podcast episode. (if you stopped at the weaving - which is incredible in its own right - you missed the much more amazing story)
I laughed at the bit where the gallery picked the wrong side of the rug to display, but this got me thinking -- presumably all the die photos we see are from the etched side of the wafer, what does it look like on the other side? Is it just all flat?
The other side is plain gray silicon; I've looked at the back side of dies by mistake many times. (Intel is starting to do power through the back side, which would make the back more interesting.)
Note that it's entirely transparent to some wavelengths of light, which is why a lot of die shots are taken from the backside, as it allows doing them non-destructively. You just cannot use visible light.
Unfortunately it's not that easy. I was working with John McMaster to get backside die shots of the 386 using infrared but it didn't work out.
"Such hearts, such brains, would be unable to comprehend that one's attachment to a masterpiece may be utterly overwhelming, especially when it is the underside of the weave that entrances the beholder and only begetter, whose own past intercoils there with the fate of the innocent author." --- Nabokov, "Pale Fire"
I had a dual Pentium II board (made by Tyan, with an Adaptec Raid Option slot) but I don't recall ever seeing a dual P54C board. Did a mainstream motherboard maker ever release one, to your knowledge?
there was tyan, supermicro, and MSI? at least
i thin my board with the dual pentium 60mhz chips was msi.
Pentium 60MHz was P5 though, not P54C ... if I'm not mistaken. IIRC the slowest P54C was the 75MHz one as they all had 1.5x multiplier or greater? Again, I wouldn't rule out my memory being wrong.
That sounds correct to me. Also, the P5 was a 5V design! Intel went to 3.3V soon after the very first Pentium CPUs.
You can find multiple of them here, with pictures too: https://theretroweb.com/motherboards/?page=1&itemsPerPage=24...
Well done.
Thanks! Curiously, the article doesn't show up on HN. Maybe my domain got banned or something?
Check if you accidentally clicked "hide"... (hidden posts in your profile)
I just saw it on the frontpage and very much enjoyed it.
I get the feeling Intel needed to "bribe" the Navajo by ordering this work. Why did they need to do that? Was it part of an agreement with tribe leadership?
It's actually quite common for large companies to commission artworks inspired by their products; American companies frequently reach out to tribal artists for the uniqueness of their artistic style. Your comment is pretty depressing -- despite the clear mastery demonstrated in this art, you're insinuating a nefarious plot involving a long-scapegoated population.
I think it's more likely that someone at Intel thought, "You know what would be cool? A rug that looked like the Pentium die." Note that unlike Fairchild, Intel's plant is not on Navajo land so there are no tribal agreements.
Not a pentium question, but..
I'm guessing that's supposed to be 91 -> 95 -> 97?
Trying to sort out aerospace companies is always a mess. I got the dates mostly right but reversed the timeline. GM acquired Hughes Aircraft in 1985, forming the Hughes Electronics unit which consisted of Hughes Aircraft and Delco Electronics. Hughes Aircraft acquired General Dynamics' missile business in 1992 to form the Hughes Missile System Company. In 1994, Hughes Electronics combined three operations into the Hughes Aerospace and Electronics Company (still a unit of GM). In 1997, Raytheon acquired the military business of Hughes Electronics Corporation from General Motors for $9.5 billion. At least I think that's what happened :-)
Just moved back to ABQ from Shiprock last month, after 8 years. Not every day you see Shiprock featured in an HN post!
Not every day I see a place on the Colorado Plateau in an HN post! I live in the SF Bay Area but am from Flagstaff!
That was a very interesting and well researched article. Thank you.
Excellent article. I know Shiprock but I didn’t know it’s history with manufacturing processors. Thank you for writing it.
As a hobby hand-spinner and occasional weaver who’s been in IT my entire working life, and interested in learning more about what my home country has done to the nations that were already there, this article is excellent in all regards.